Citation(s) from the GunPolicy.org literature library
Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. 2024 ‘Background Check Procedures in Michigan.’ Background Checks. San Francisco, CA: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. 22 November
Relevant contents
Background Checks in Michigan
Federal law generally requires federally licensed firearms dealers (but not private sellers) to initiate a background check on the purchaser prior to sale of a firearm. Federal law provides states with the option of serving as a state "point of contact" and conducting their own background checks using state, as well as federal, records and databases, or having the checks performed by the FBI using only the National Instant Criminal Background Check System ("NICS") database. (Note that state files are not always included in the federal database.)
Michigan is a partial point-of-contact state for NICS. In Michigan, all handgun purchase license applicant background checks are processed through the Michigan Department of State Police. Long gun background checks requested by licensed dealers are processed directly through the FBI, which enforces the federal purchaser prohibitions referenced above.
Michigan requires that the purchaser of a handgun have either a handgun purchase license or a license to carry a concealed handgun. Prospective licensees are subject to a background check as part of the licensing process. Unlike handgun purchase licensees, who must undergo a background check for each purchase license - and thus for each handgun purchased, concealed handgun licensees only have to submit to a background check once every five years - at the time of renewal of their concealed carry license.
Federal law does not require dealers to conduct a background check if a firearm purchaser presents a state permit to purchase or possess firearms that meets certain conditions. As a result, Michigan handgun purchase license holders, and Michigan concealed pistol license holders with licenses issued on or after November 22, 2005, are exempt from the federal background check requirement when purchasing a firearm. (Note, however, that people who have become prohibited from possessing firearms may continue to hold state firearms licenses if the state fails to remove these licenses in a timely fashion.)
Long gun transfers by private sellers (non-firearms dealers) are not subject to background checks in Michigan…
[Editor's note: The Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence regularly updates its webpages with new data as US gun regulation evolves state by state. For the most up-to-date information on US gun laws, please refer to the Giffords URL below]